Which of the following conditions could cause fetal hydrops?
The condition occurs when a disease or medical condition affects the body’s ability to manage fluid. There are three main causes for this type, heart or lung problems, severe anemia (such as from thalassemia or infections), and genetic or developmental problems, including Turner syndrome.
What causes hydrops fetalis in pregnancy?
Immune hydrops fetalis usually occurs when the blood types of the mother and the fetus aren’t compatible with each other. This is known as Rh incompatibility. The mother’s immune system may then attack and destroy the baby’s red blood cells. Severe cases of Rh incompatibility can lead to hydrops fetalis.
What happens in hydrops Fetalis?
Hydrops fetalis is severe swelling (edema) in an unborn baby or a newborn baby. It is a life-threatening problem. Hydrops develops when too much fluid leaves the baby’s bloodstream and goes into the tissues. Treatment of hydrops depends on the cause.
How does Anaemia cause hydrops?
Hydrops fetalis usually stems from fetal anemia, when the heart needs to pump a much greater volume of blood to deliver the same amount of oxygen. This anemia can have either an immune or non-immune cause.
What causes placental Chorioangioma?
The cause of chorioangioma is unknown. The abnormal masses form in the chorionic tissue, the tissue on the fetal side of the placenta. Chorioangiomas occur in an estimated 1% of pregnancies. The tumors are seen more often in pregnancies where the fetus is female and in those involving multiples (twins, triplets, etc.).
How is hydrops Fetalis diagnosis?
Doctors diagnose hydrops prenatally using an ultrasound. If there is abnormal or increased fluid collection in at least two fetal body spaces, the diagnosis can be made. If fluid accumulation only occurs in one area, doctors cannot make the diagnosis of hydrops.
What happens in hydrops fetalis?
What are the causes of hydrops fetalis?
Infectious causes of hydrops fetalis*. A variety of infectious agents have been associated with nonimmune hydrops fetalis, most notably parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Treponema pallidum. These agents produce hydrops through effects on fetal bone marrow, myocardium, or vascular endothelium.
What is Rh compatibility and nonimmune hydrops fetalis?
Rh compatibility causes massive red blood cell destruction, which leads to several problems, including total body swelling. Severe swelling can interfere with how the body organs work. Nonimmune hydrops fetalis occurs when a disease or medical condition disrupts the body’s ability to manage fluid.
What is the incidence of non-immune fetal hydrops?
The incidence of non-immune fetal hydrops is essentially unknown as there are no published, population-based data across all gestations. Published figures suggest incidences of between 1 in 1500 and 1 in 4000.
What is the clinical presentation of hydrops in early pregnancy?
Clinical Presentation. If infection develops during the first 12 weeks of gestation, the risk of hydrops ranges from 5%–10%. If infection occurs during weeks 13 through 20, the risk decreases to 5% or less. Infection after the 20th week of gestation is associated with a fetal hydrops risk of 1% or less.